One UW professor has studied the connection between patient abuse and a seemingly unrelated topic: haunted hospitals. Analyze the authors purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text, identifying important issues that remain unresolved. The marriage was abusive and ended in divorce.Alfred Jr.Deborah and Cheetahs firstborn child and Little Alfreds fatherBobette Lacks Lawrences wife. What is Skloot revealing through the juxtaposition of scenes and the division of the book into the three sections of Life, Death, and Immortality? Deborah is prepared, however, and hands him legal documents showing her relationship to Elsie. Why did Deborah choose not to request a copy of her mothers medical records? Is their belief based on real events? 6. Her favorite genres are memoirs, public health, and locked room mysteries. 7. Create a time line that begins with the removal of Henriettas tissue sample and traces the scientific and medical breakthroughs that have been made possible as a result of HeLa cells. Research the history of scientific experimentation on humans in the United States. Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. 5. Within a few years, a company named Microbiological Associates would begin selling HeLa for profit.1952 Scientists use HeLa cells to help develop the polio vaccine.1953 HeLa cells become the first cells ever cloned.1954 The pseudonym Helen Lane first appears in print as the source of HeLa cells.1954 Chester Southam begins to conduct experiments without patient consent to see whether or not injections of HeLa cells could cause cancer.1957 The term informed consent first appears in court documents.1965 HeLa cells are fused with mouse cells, creating the first animal-human hybrid cells.1965 The Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York finds Southam and a colleague guilty of unprofessional conduct and calls for stricter guidelines regarding human research subjects and informed consent.1966 To ensure adherence to the new guidelines for research involving human subjects, the National Institutes of Health begins requiring the approval of Institutional Review Boards for any research they fund.1966 Gartler drops the HeLa Bomb and proposes that HeLa cells have contaminated numerous cell lines.1970 George Gey dies of pancreatic cancer.1971 In a tribute to Gey, Henrietta Lacks is correctly identified for the first time in print as the source of HeLa.1973 The Lacks family learns for the first time that Henriettas cells are still alive.1973 Researchers from Johns Hopkins take samples from Henriettas children to further HeLa research, without informed consent.1974 The Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (the Common Rule) requires informed consent for all human-subject research.1975 Michael Rogers publishes an article about HeLa and the Lacks family in Rolling Stone. The Biblical language also gives the Lacks family a sense of meaning for understanding what happened to Henrietta and what continues to happen to them. Walter Nelson-Rees the geneticist who tracked and published the names of the cell lines contaminated with HeLa without first warning the researchers he exposed. Bobette Lacks Lawrences wife. 7. The side-effects of pneumoencephalography were many, including seizures, nausea, headaches, and permanent brain damage. Elsie lacks 5. Her autopsy report reveals that she spent five years at 2. Since every human being is made up of cells, Deborah and other members of the Lacks family treat Henrietta's cells as though she was a person. What specific details let the reader know that sending Elsie away was difficult for Henrietta? Compare and contrast the Turner Station that Skloot visited in 1999 with the Turner Station that Henrietta experienced as a young woman. What did Howard Jones find interesting about Henriettas medical history? The Absent Presence of Elsie Lacks: Hauntings What rhetorical strategies are used to counter Wyches appeal? 2. In what other ways do scientists, corporations, and individuals profit as a result of HeLa? Teachers are encouraged to adapt some of the prompts for use in debates or Socratic seminars. 9. What did Howard Jones realize when he reviewed Henriettas medical records? Deborah ends up leaving her husband and moving into her own apartment in an assisted living facility. She was trained as a surgical nurse.Mary KubicekGeorge Geys lab assistant who cultured HeLa cells for the first timeRichard Wesley TeLindeone of the top cervical cancer experts in the country at the time of Henriettas diagnosis. Explain what the Jim Crow laws were. Turner Station is a classic example of a company town. 3. Henriettas cousin says that Henrietta was tryin to tell us somethin with that storm. What do you think she could have been trying to say? Why did Deborah decide to go see her mothers cells? Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Deborah and Rebecca can only find pieces of Elsie's story: a terrifying photo in which Elsie has a white woman's hands wrapped around her neck, an autopsy report, and evidence of horrific experiments conducted at the hospital in the same time period that Elsie was there. 6. Describe the attempts Wyche made to get recognition for Henrietta and her family. 5. 4. 9. What part of Elsies medical records did Lurz have? Chapter Ten: The Other Side of the Tracks 1. He handed Deborah a vial of HeLa cells, which Deborah kissed. Henriettas cells have been bought and sold by the billions, yet she remains virtually unknown, and her family cant afford health insurance. This section is known as Lacks Town. 7. As children, they worked the tobacco fields together.Crazy Joe GrinnanHenriettas cousin who competed unsuccessfully with Day for her affectionDavon MeadeDeborahs grandson who often lived with and took care of herEthelGalens wife, an abusive caregiver to Henriettas three youngest childrenFred GarretHenriettas cousin who convinced Day and Henrietta to move to Turner StationGalenHenriettas cousin. Use specific facts about Henrietta, Gey, and/or medical practice in the 1950s to support your opinion. and culture. In Elsie's medical record is a photo of her looking unkempt and crying, which a white woman's hand around her throat. Chapter Eighteen: Strangest Hybrid 1. Which of these sentences from the passage best supports the authors claim that Henriettas cells have been widely used by scientists? TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. His research involved taking tissue samples from Henrietta and other cervical cancer patients at Johns Hopkins.Roland Pattilloprofessor of gynecology at Morehouse School of Medicine who was one of George Geys only African-American students. As Skloot and Deborah walked the halls, the place appeared to be abandoned; and when they came across a room labeled Medical Records, they found that the room was empty. 11. It is given the name HeLa after the first two initials of Henriettas first and last names.1951 Henrietta Lacks dies of an unusually aggressive strain of cervical cancer.1952 HeLa cells become the first living cells shipped via postal mail.1952 The Tuskegee Institute opens the first HeLa factory, supplying cells to laboratories and researchers and operating as a nonprofit. She does not allow Rebecca to photocopy the documents, so Rebecca must go through each one individually. 3. Who was Alexis Carrel? Why did scientists find it necessary to conduct research on human beings? Gary Lacks Gladys son and Deborahs cousin. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Contrast the working conditions of black workers and white workers at the Sparrows Point Steel Mill. Analyze in detail how an authors ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter). Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text. 2. Zakariyya Bari Abdul Rahman (born Joe Lacks) Henrietta and Days fifth child. How was Day related to Henrietta? 6. 2. This institution was opened as an insane asylum in 1878, and was closed to patients in 1992. Why did scientists find the Moore lawsuit deeply troubling? As children they worked the tobacco fields together. Why did researchers want DNA samples from Henriettas family? What questions does Deborah have about her mother? (one code per order). The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks - OUP Academic Next, Deborah and Rebecca undertake a mission to figure out what happened to Deborah's sister Elsie. Each time they stopped, Deborah would approach strangers and, apropos of nothing, present them with the Describe the way that Deborah and Zakariyya interact with their mothers cells. Deborah clearly wasnt handling the stress of the day well. Explain your answer. Also, there were many scientific experiments done without patient consent, including particularly gruesome experiments conducted on children with epilepsy. Why did Henriettas doctors need to ask for her familys permission to remove tissue samples after her death? Why do you think no one told her very much about them? George Gey head of tissue-culture research at Johns Hopkins. All Thats My Mother 2001. 5. Why do you think she was so protective of this information? She is a former vice president of the National Book Critics Circle, and has taught creative nonfiction and science journalism at the University of Memphis, the University of Pittsburgh, and New York University. The campus is beautiful, but the two get the impression of some dark history here. Describe how Deborah found out about her mothers painful death. The details were harrowing. WebMedical records are maintained by Health Information Management (HIM) at MyMichigan Health. The He and his wife, Ethel, moved in with Day after Henriettas death to help take care of the children. She organized an effort to build a Henrietta Lacks museum.John Moorecancer patient who unsuccessfully sued his doctor and the regents of the University of California over the use of his cells to create the Mo cell lineMichael Goldauthor of A Conspiracy of Cells. Just for joining youll get personalized recommendations on your dashboard daily and features only for members. 9. 4. Rebecca finds one record from shortly before Henrietta gave birth to Deborah; the doctor says her cervix looked healthy then. What did Gey hope to accomplish with HeLa cells? What are the intended and unintended consequences of a profitdriven health care system? Describe your first impression of Zakariyya. 3. three American Literary Magazine Awards for Editorial Content in the 1990s. His casual remark sparked Skloots interest, and led to a research project that would take over a decade to complete. What are the risks and benefits of allowing profit to guide research? Literacy in History/Social Studies and Science: Anchor Standards Key Ideas and Details Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Skloot carefully describes the photograph of Elsie. She supported Henrietta duringher illness. Why didnt Deborah go through with her plan to kill Cheetah? What challenges did she have to overcome? 2. Deborah feels much better after this ritual, and the two women head outside into the rain, which Gary says has been sent by God to cleanse their souls. What did HeLa allow scientists to do for the first time? 9. One of the largest publishers in the United States, the Johns Hopkins University Press combines traditional books and journals publishing units with cutting-edge service divisions that sustain diversity and independence among nonprofit, scholarly publishers, societies, and associations. Want to know what people are actually reading right now? He ended up abusing Deborah.Gary LacksGladyss son and Deborahs cousin. Analyze the various ways that Henrietta and Deborah achieve immortality. 4. How did Day, Sonny, and Lawrence respond to Joes crime? 9. WebShe learned from her mother's medical records that her sister had been placed at Crownsville. How does Day initially respond to Skloots request for information? How does religious faith help frame the Lackses response to, and interpretation of, the scientific information they receive about HeLa? Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects Grades 11-12 Key Ideas and Details Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. What specific request did Gey make prior to going into surgery? A sample of her cancerous tissue, taken without her knowledge or consent, as was the custom then, turned out to provide one of the holy grails of mid-century biology: human cells that could survive--even thrive--in the lab. Why do you think Deborah breaks out in hives after visiting Crownsville and giving Skloot access to the medical records? Currently, the journal prints essays on African American Who was the daughter of Henrietta Lacks that died only a few years after her mother? Slavin founded Essential Biologicals, a company that sold his cells, and later cells from other people so individuals could profit from their own biological materials.Timeline1889 Johns Hopkins Hospital is founded.1912 Alexis Carrel claims to have successfully grown immortal chicken-heart cells.1920 Henrietta Lacks is born in Roanoke, Virginia.1947 The Nuremberg Code, a set of ethical standards for human experimentation, is produced as the result of a trial against several Nazi doctors who conducted experiments on prisoners during WWII.1951 George Gey successfully cultures the first immortal human cell line using cells from Henriettas cervix. for a customized plan. Lengauer welcomes the family in, showing them the long freezers in which millions of Henrietta's cells are stored. Explain your answer. Lacks Chapter Six: Ladys On the Phone 1. 6. Soon to be made into an HBO movie by Oprah Winfrey and Alan Ball, this New York Times bestseller takes readers on an extraordinary journey, from the colored ward of Johns Hopkins Hospital in the 1950s to stark white laboratories with freezers filled with HeLa cells, from Henriettas small, dying hometown of Clover, Virginia, to East Baltimore today, where her children and grandchildren live and struggle with the legacy of her cells. The next day, Skloot and Deborah went to Crownsville to see if they could find any record of what happened to Elsie. Paraphrase the information on page 50 describing the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. How have groups of people such as African Americans, women, children, and most recently, immigrants, fought for legislation protecting their right to privacy? Wed love to have you back! 6. Describe the depth of the Institutes involvement. What does Zakariyyas choice of wordsthat damn doctor who done rape her cells reveal about his feelings about and perception of what Gey did? What does this allusion suggest about the tension between scientific discovery, and public perception and fear of such discoveries? Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; trace the texts explanation or depiction of a complex process, phenomenon, or concept; provide an accurate summary of the text. Chapter Thirty-Two: All Thats My Mother 1. How did Pearl Harbor change life in Turner Station? A list of primary standards addressed in the guide can be found below: Common Core Standards English Language Arts 9-10: Key Ideas and Details Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. She takes the photo of Elsie with her and thanks Paul Lurz. Learn about the short and tragic life of Elsie Lacks, Crownsville and its atrocities, and how the records were found. What impact does her use of imagery have on you as a reader? 7. Delancey maintains that the public has not only memorialized those patient populations whom historical instances of purported abuse, neglect, and maltreatment once marginalized, but has also given those patients voice, agency, and, by extension, a measure of justice.. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Why wasnt Skloot excited about meeting Zakariyya? Lengauer thanked them for coming and acknowledged how difficult it must have been for Deborah and Zakariyya to come into a Hopkins lab. Fred Garret Henriettas cousin who convinced Day and Henrietta to move to Turner Station. What does it tell you about Joes personality and background? The questions in the final section, Topics for Further Discussion, require students to expand their thinking and engage in significant research activities related to subjects or issues raised in the book. 4. What simile does she use to describe the way a cell looks? What made Day change his mind and allow the autopsy? Before You Read Point out the differences between the genres of historical fiction and nonfiction. Craft and Structure Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text (e.g., how Madison defines faction in Federalist No. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks study guide contains a biography of Rebecca Skloot, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Compare the medical terms describing Elsies condition with the terms used by Henriettas friends and family. While scientists were working with Henriettas cells, they found out that they were immortal. She is the department chair for language arts at Tri-Cities High School, an urban public high school in southwest Atlanta. What do the Lackses believe night doctors do? They met with Paul Lurz, director of performance and improvement. He published details from Henriettas medical records and autopsy report without permission from the Lacks family.Michael RogersRolling Stone reporter who wrote an article about the Lacks family in 1976. To redeem, copy and paste the code during the checkout process. Explain the Hayflick limit. Haunted Hospitals and Patient Abuse | Go Big Read How did the public respond to the idea of cell hybrids? What unusual characteristics of HeLa cells made them ideal for use in the polio vaccine trials? Rebecca recalls the time she spent with Deborah, and she rematches the BBC documentary in which a young Deborah was interviewed about her mother's cells. PDF downloads of all 1725 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Skloot tells her that the blood McKusick took from her family wasn't for a cancer test. What do you think Cofield did? Explain how HeLa cells were used in each situation. Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: Clint Smiths Releases New Poetry Collection, Above Ground, Go Big Read seeking book suggestions for 2023-24, 2022-2023 Go Big Read Keynote Event with Clint Smith. 2. Why do you think his interaction is so different from anyone the Lackses encountered at Johns Hopkins up until this point? 6. 10. Elsie Lacks Subscribe now. WebThe Crownsville picture of Elsie Lacks not only shows how terribly the young girl suffered at the hands of doctors and scientists, it also pretty much destroys her sister Deborah's 7. 7. Who do you think makes the more persuasive argument, Van Valen or Stevenson? 5. 2. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. 5. 5. She has worked as a correspondent for NPRs Radiolab and PBSs NOVA scienceNOW, and is a contributing editor at Popular Science magazine and guest editor of The Best American Science Writing 2011. What is spontaneous transformation? Examine pages 5 and 6 and write down each step that Skloot took to begin her research. Gey chose to give away samples of HeLa to his colleagues almost immediately. Compare and contrast the different attitudes the white and black Lacks family members held about race. How did Deborah initially react to the news about her sister? Chapter Twenty-Three: Its Alive 1. He showed them the freezer where HeLa samples were kept and noted that the HeLa contamination seemed like poetic justice for sciences mistreatment of the Lacks family. 2. American Review changed its name for a third time and expanded its What does Skloot reveal by ending the chapter with Hsus request? 2. 10. 12. In the Afterword, Skloot summarizes the main issues and legislation surrounding the collection and use of human tissue samples. Explain your answer. 2. 6. 3. 4. 5. How soon after Henriettas death did the media attempt to write about her? The reason for Deborah's erratic behavior during her trip with Rebeccca becomes clear when her doctor diagnoses her with extremely high blood pressure and high blood sugar. 4. Teachers: If youd like a printable version of this guide, download the PDF attachment at the bottom of this page.About the Book In 1950, Henrietta Lacks, a young mother of five children, entered the colored ward of The Johns Hopkins Hospital to begin treatment for an extremely aggressive strain of cervical cancer. Why did he get involved with the Lacks family? When Skloot sees Henrietta's medical records lying on her bed with Deborah's other papers, she makes the mistake of reaching for them. 5. Who is Paul Lurz? The majority of the samples were taken without consent.2005 Members of the Native American Havasupai tribe sue Arizona State University after scientists take tissue samples the tribe donated for diabetes research and use them without consent to study schizophrenia and inbreeding.2005 Six thousand patients join a lawsuit against Washington University, demanding that the university remove their tissue samples from its prostate cancer bank. The division also manages membership services for more than 50 scholarly and professional associations and societies. Compare the differences between irresponsible and responsible reporting on HeLa and the Lacks family. Deborah shows him the photo of Elsie from Crownsville, and Gary is shocked. 6. What reason did Ethel and Galen give for moving in with Day after Henriettas death? Elsie Lacks Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Deborah submitted a written request for a photocopy of Elsies autopsy report. Does some medical research seem more wrong? 5. Courtney Mama Speed resident of Turner Station and owner of Speeds Grocery. Contrast the experience Henriettas great-grandchildren, Alfred and Davon, have at the Maryland Science Center with the experience Deborah, Sonny, and Lawrence had growing up. Why do you think they were willing to sacrifice to help her? Where does he ask the burden to be placed? What attempts (e.g. McLaren Pain Management Center. Books Alexis Carrel French surgeon and Nobel Prize recipient who claimed to have cultured immortal chicken-heart cells. Michael Rogers Rolling Stone reporter who wrote an article about the Lacks family in 1976. Rebecca visits Clover, and is shocked to find that the abandoned buildings in the town have been torn down. Describe the lawsuit that set a legal precedent for patenting biological products such as cell lines. Explain how Geys rollertube culturing technique works. She wonders aloud if her mother breastfed herand then feels sure that she How did Deborah discover the truth about Cofield? What does this refrain suggest about their worldview and values? The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. HeLa cells: The most influential and controversial discovery in You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Explain the numerous ways that the Lacks familys right to privacy was violated. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is her first book. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Explain who Roland Pattillo is. Deborah is devastated by the knowledge that her sister probably died alone and in pain, but tries to keep a brave face despite being near tears. Explain why this moment is significant. The women are allowed to continue through the records. 7. 4. Elsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant) Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Evaluate whether or not you think this is an appropriate way to interpret the story. He left his ten children when their mother died. Why did Henrietta and David (Day) Lacks decide to place Elsie in the Hospital for the Negro Insane? Analyze the story as a hero journey with Skloot as the hero, and then change your perspective and analyze the story with Deborah as the hero. How did doctors justify using patients in public hospital wards as medical research subjects without obtaining their consent or offering them financial compensation? Writing Prompts are thematic and organized in sections that may be of special interest to the disciplines of language arts, social studies, and science. Cast of CharactersImmediate Lacks FamilyDavid Day LacksHenriettas husband and cousinDavid Jr. Sonny LacksHenrietta and Days third childDeborah Dale LacksHenrietta and Days fourth childElsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant)Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Do you agree that Henrietta should have been correctly identified in order to give her the fame she so richly deserves, or do you think her anonymity should have been protected? Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. 3. During her surgery to remove the cancer, they took a sample of a tumor in her cervix to have it examined in the lab. Why is this approach sometimes difficult? College and Career Success/Interdisciplinary. The two women visit Deborah's aunt Gladys, but Deborah is acting strangely.
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