F. Great Peasant Revolt of 1520. -strong monarchy necessary to end chaos of war and rebellion, Manipulating Nobility: In 1566, the Netherlands revolted against Spanish rule, officially becoming the independent Dutch Republic in 1648. [38] The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. The question of the Spanish Succession was finally settled in favour of the Bourbon Philip V, grandson of Frances Louis XIV. A. mercantilism --> the colony existed for the benefit of the mother country; a monpolistic global eco. Describe the terms of the Peace of Utrecht and their significance across Europe; Key Points. [39], The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. ~ Peace of Utrecht Fought wars in an attempt to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in European affairs; Louis's involvement in the War of Spanish Succession ended with the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 that greatly benefited England an emerging French rival Wars and building of Versailles emptied France's treasury The Decline of Spain 1. -Russia c. It divided the Spanish colonial empire between the French and the British. Disease + Fresh Soldiers = Victory over Aztecs, Ecomienda: adminster new lands, in which natives were see as subjects of Spanish crown. [4], France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in London. Social Significance of the Reformation: The Dutch were particularly known for their paintings, which were characterized by their attention to detail and realism. (prevent a war between 2 Christian Countries), Cortez lands in Veracruz and makes alliances with Anti-Aztec natives. -Defeat in Central Europe forced Austria to turn east + Consolidate rule d. III. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the Asiento de Negros; as historian G.M. -- ecological exchange and its effects on both the Americas and Europe and Africa. Write as mathematical expression. The Dutch were known for their expertise in, The arts also played a significant role in the Dutch Golden Age. -- a conservative response to the spread of Protestantism. -Eliminated political, military rights of Huguenots, preserving religious ~ dissolves body after they demand concessions (Short Parliament) A. -creates first real Russian Navy + special forces of Cossack, Reforms Central Gov't, Military, and Civil Administration: No need for sacraments (except Baptism, Eucharist, & Confirmation) or good works. In the treaty with Prussia, France acknowledged Frederick Is royal title (claimed in 1701) and recognized his claim to Neuchtel (in present Switzerland) and southeast Gelderland. -- religious unity considered necessary to strengthen his rule. ~ 1653: nobles given freedom from taxation, control over peasants in exchange for reduced role on politics Catholic South vs Protestant North (Union of Utrecht, declared independence 1581).England gets . -France ~ divided into 17 provinces and ruled themselves Nations sought new sources of wealth and new economic theories and practices to deal with - decreases taxes for nobility Main Themes: - St. Petersburg built as new Russian capital (1703) ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Background: Death of Henry II, followed by weak rulers and regency rule by Catherine d' Medici \text { Year }(t) & \text { Cash flow } \\ Chapter 14 AGE OF EXPANSION Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) - Duke of Alva (1508-1582 - Armada (1588) - Vasco de Balboa-Christopher Columbus- Concordat of Bologna (1516 - C. capitalism --> private ownership of the means of production and distribution; capital is invested in The transition from the Middle Ages to early modern times represented a shift in emphasis Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine Calvinism: The Westphalia Peace Conference just was a beginning in a row that led to the Congress of Vi-enna, another main event of international relations. Spains treaty with Britain (July 13) gave Gibraltar and Minorca to Britain. ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren Descartes and scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. The House of Hanover succeeded to the British throne and the former Spanish territories in Italy were ceded to the Habsburgs. F. optimism & self-confidence --> anything is possible (a reversal of medieval thinking). Nations were looking for new trade routes which led to new explorations. -believed military power and absolutism went hand in hand K. The Church is subordinate to and the agent of civil authority. France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. In this system, diplomacy became a major component of the relations among states. -Internal War: Spain sends troops to Ferdinand (Maximilian of Bavaria+ Lutheran elector John George I Saxony support) Effects of the Commercial Revolution: B. the monarch of England now became the head of the Anglican Church as well. pour servir de fondement auz Negociations de Geertruydenberg. AP Euro Full Timeline Author: Zachary Hoskins Created Date: L. cosmopolitanism. Capitalism: trade managed by pirvate property + companies, private held profit. ~alliance w/ Electors of Brandenburg+ Saxony = Victory and reversed war, and brought new mobility to change tactics, ~ Battle of Lutzen: Adolphus dies, Deep religious motivation, greed and political gain real forces in War. the court at Versailles was too removed from the lives and problems of the common people. Nations must export more than import, tariffs on imports Puritans. By the treaty with Britain (April 11), France recognized Queen Anne as the British sovereign and undertook to cease supporting James Edward, the son of the deposed king James II. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. - "Council of Blood" tribunal set up to execute leaders Differing Concepts of Absolutism: European Parliament Intensive Care Interest Group; National Societies; Events. order to produce more capital. -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and A. -- Puritan Republic. treaties of Utrecht, also called Peace of Utrecht, (April 1713September 1714), a series of treaties between France and other European powers (April 11, 1713 to Sept. 7, 1714) and another series between Spain and other powers (July 13, 1713 to June 26, 1714), concluding the War of the Spanish Succession (170114). - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) Thus, the Dutch Republic was really more of an oligarchy, with power concentrated in the hands of wealthy merchants. -- he launched bold new foreign policy ventures chalenging the Dutch for the commercial -- mercantilism. In return France received the principality of Orange from Prussia. F. James II (1685-1688) C. policies of Frederick William, the "Great Elector", Frederick I, and Frederick II, the "Great". -nobility class lost right of taxation, reduced power of Estates the religion of the land was determined by the Holy Roman Emperor. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket -Germany in devastation and disunited to repulse foreign armies During peace negotiations Leopold died Charles VI became Austrian king and claimed Spain Resolution: Spanish empire was carved up between England, Austria and France and Spain itself was left in tact. -> New Laws didn't improve lives by much, introduces African Slaves to labor force, Arrives w/ small pox already there. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed. -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians -Growth in wealth -> paid debts + increased population he was too extravegent (he put France into great debt). -fortified cities forbidden in earlier movement w/ Richelieu AP European History Timeline Dylan Graves, McAvoy, Period 8. ~ required nobles to live at Versailles for part of year-> separate power from status and grandeur - put on trial for treason and executed in Jan. 1649 (King), Oliver Cromwell and 1 house Parliament began experiment w/ republican rule -> Commonwealth The Dutch Golden Age was also characterized by a strong and influential merchant class. from authoritative truth to factual truth. - rebuilt armies come back and win at Battle of Poltava (1709) -- they found Church bureaucracies still too medieval and rigid (view on usury, e.g.) -fears of Charles II was a Catholic sympathizer (relations were Catholic, alliance w/ France secretly), Fear of Catholicism intensify 1685 Edict of Fountainebleau revokes Edict of Nantes, Creates centralized administration This economic growth led to an increase in wealth and a rise in the standard of living for many Dutch people. strong in Spain --> expulsion of the Moors {Moriscos} C. Only true authority is the Bible. treaties of Rastatt and Baden. https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage - The Treaty of Utrecht. -Overseas territory/trade and European balance of power also a Issue -Prussia, Line of demarcation separate South America into spheres of Portuguese or Spanish influences -> Portugal gets Brazil + African Coast. material in greater bulk. E. Germany was the home of Luther and of many new, more theologically "liberal" universities. This system allowed for a great degree of freedom and democracy, and it contributed to the country's prosperity and cultural flourishing. -- Cardinal Richelieu (machiavellian pragmatist) Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. Religious Wars of the late 16c & Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power One of the seven places with a vote to choose the next Holy Roman Emperor. Two peace treaties that in 1714 ended ongoing European conflicts following the War of the Spanish Succession. Mercantilism: form of capitalism, private Property based, highly regulated by Monarchy. -reduced power of high nobles (of blood, [NOBLES OF THE SWORD]) C. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Centuries - Major Events. Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713). Instead, the country was divided into a number of independent provinces, each with its own government and laws. -- firm and uniform administration (intendants) He also believed that rulers should rule without anyone's consent. - Act of Uniformity revises version of Book of Common Prayer w/ 39 Articles form the original 42 ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark -- never called the Estates-General. D. the Commonwealth (1649-1660) under the Cromwells. The Reformation did NOT work in Italy because? -ignored Estates General -> nobles have no means of united action, Major Beliefs: ONE KING, ONE LAW, ONE FAITH => Protestants [40] The acquisition of the Barrier Fortresses however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. Key Concept 1.2 Religious pluralism challenged the concept of a . leadership of Europe. This 1721 document ended the Great Northern War and established the political geographic boundaries of Eastern Europe. Performances of Peace - 2015-10 "Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713" aims to rethink the significance of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) by exploring the nexus between culture and politics. AP Euro: Absolutism and Constitutionalism Author: Tech Services Last modified by: Tech Services Created Date: 4/29/2011 1:04:00 PM Company: -Peace of Nystadt (1721): They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [32], First mentioned in 1701 by Charles Davenant in his Essays on the Balance of Power, it was widely publicised in Britain by author and Tory satirist Daniel Defoe in his 1709 article A Review of the Affairs of France. trial by jury) and est. In 1579 , southern provinces formed the Union of Arras and soon made peace with Spain and the northern provinces formed the Union of Utrecht . ~ Lutheran King Christian IV of Denmark eager to extend influence over coast towns of North Sea -> defeated by Maximilian B. cosmology --> new world view based on Newtonian physics --> analysis of natural phenomena as C. secularism --> application of scientific theories to religion and society. A. -- religious toleration, but leaned toward the Catholics. One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). answer choices Treaty of Nystad Treaty of Utrecht Treaty of Versailles Peace of Paris Question 2 30 seconds Q. -Believes in Divine Right to rule (Responsible to God, not Parliament) That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of Catalonia and an armistice in Italy. August 1589, Henry III assassinated by crazy monk ~ Peace of Utrecht Church-sponsored) -- "Men are to be changed by religion, not change it!." -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) An ancillary treaty named the Peace and Friendship Treaty of. In the second half of the 17th century, England emerged as the dominant commercial power, and the Dutch Republic gradually declined. Austria had traditionally relied on naval support from the Dutch, whose own capability had been severely degraded; Britain prevented the loss of Sicily and Naples in 1718 but refused to do so again in 1734. Married clergy. Peace of Augsburg 1555 % complete The decree that the leader of a region may choose between Lutheranism and Catholic. -- destruction of Amer-Indian cultures. the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land. -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties France + Netherlands support Sweden, maximize their investment in war, and refuse agreement. A. Henry VIII of England resented the church for not granting him a divorce of Catherine of Aragon. Issues: European technology/ horses lead to victory over Inca, Major Goal: consolidate + secure lands of Charles V w/ strict conformity to Catholicism Church control. The Dutch had the largest fleet in the world with 10,000 ships, and they replaced the Italians as the premier bankers of Europe, with the Amsterdam Public Bank attracting foreign merchants who could use bills of exchange as currency. King of Spain from France during the first half of the 1700's. ** In emergencies= House of Orange takes Over***, Trade: Religious toleration, Bank of Amsterdam, finishing+ merchant fleet (offered lowest shipping rates, largest merchant marine, and depended less on export than transport, ~Dutch East India Company in 1602: private trading company a commercial rival of Britain. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. -Anglican Church is mix of protestant doctrine + traditional Catholicism A. Hapsburgs vs. Hohenzollerns [36] However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter Maria Theresa. - divine right: Kings are God's representatives on Earth The country was frequently at war with other European powers, and it was also hit by a number of economic crises. -1st Fronde (1648-1649) ended in compromise ~ Peace of Utrecht -- he wanted church lands and property to add to his treasury. Imperialism: expanding your empire The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander, the Duke of Ormonde, to withdraw from the Allied forces before the Battle of Denain (informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a fait accompli, made the objections of the Allies pointless. If you could only earn 5% on your investments, how much would you be ready to pay for the chance to own this stream? Mar 9, 1661 . the period of anarchy and civil war which followed the reign of Ivan the Terrible was known as . -plot in Parliament moves to bring William of Orange as new English King (Protestant cousin, to his wife Mary (daughter of James)), -William raises army- James flees => William and Mary become rulers of England in GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, William and Mary sign Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic rights (e.g. Use x as the variable. sometimes seen as an "Enlightened Despot" (this is questionable). The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. LUTHER --> condemned corruption in the Church; believed priests should practice what they preached. Ap Euro Events Terms in this set (16) Peace of Augsburg 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups Council of Trent Enire review of Ap Euro terms. -- economic and financial policies Also known as the League of Augsburg, an anti- French European coalition formed to check the power of France. Motives for alliances ii. ("Windows to the West") AP European History Concept utline 21 Coee Boad Period 1: c. 1450-c. 1648 1. f(x)=x(x1);x=4, On a separate sheet of paper, explain the following term by using it correctly in a sentence. Causes of the Reformation: This paper assesses what this inclusion signified to the treaty negotiators at Utrecht and what the balance of power meant to them both as a political principle and for its legal implications. -Austria gets former Spanish Netherlands D. Martin Luther's 95 Theses. -permanent crisis (wars etc) gave authority to Frederick The 18c became known Established Prussia as a major military power / counter-balance to the Austrian Empire in Central Europe Initiated a long period of peace in central Europe (drained of resources) Partitioning of Poland Autonomous power of the Polish nobility remained intact and the Polish Diet proved to be an ineffective lawmaking body GorenteTas is an initiative of students of Utrecht University that has been establish since 1994 who . G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). Datathon 2023; NEXT Jamboree; EuroAsia 2023 - Mumbai; LIVES Forum 2023 - Utrecht; LIVES 2023 - Milan; e-LIVES Online Media library; Endorsed events; Past events; Resources. Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into the next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715. 1713, ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. The main action saw France as the defender of Spain against a multinational coalition. ~ Franche-Comte, caused formation of the League of Augsburg AP European History. AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Document-Based Question Maximum Possible Points: 7 "Evaluate whether the Thirty Years' War was fought primarily for religious or primarily for political reasons." Points Rubric Notes A: Thesis/Claim (0-1) Thesis/claim: Responds to the prompt with a historically Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV, converts to Catholicism. One of the major reasons for the strong position of England from 1685-1763 lies in the supremacy of AP Euro > Unit 3 3.6 Balance of Power 5 min read january 21, 2023 Jillian Holbrook Catherine Brown After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, a new competitive state system developed, heralding new patterns of warfare and diplomacy. D. Each person must deal with God directly -- each person is his/her own priest. D. Printing press in Germany spread Luther's ideas. [12], In a major coup for the British delegation, the British government emerged from the treaty with the Asiento de Negros, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the Spanish government to other European nations to supply slaves to Spain's colonies in the Americas. this new-found wealth. Don John and Alexander Farnese of Parma , the Regent Margaret 's son revived Spanish power in the southern provinces , where fear of Calvinism had moved to break the Union of Brussels . Spaniards collected taxes and labor in return for protection, wages, and religion. 2. France concluded treaties of peace at Utrecht with Britain, the Dutch republic, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy. At this time, neither European power saw North America as a place worth devoting significant military resources. For other uses, see. ~1660 Frederick William forced Estates to accept permanent taxation w/out consent Be sure to use parentheses as needed. B. ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power E. the middle class wished to run their religious affairs as they handled their new businesses. View AP Euro Chapter 18 Notes.pdf from AP EURO 730 at Alan B. Shepard High School. -- make France the strongest country in Europe. III. Euro-> NW: crops, domestic animals, diseases A. Henry IV of Navarre (1589-1610) granted them exclusive control over foreign access to ports in the United Provinces . -- make France the intellectual and political "light" to the rest of the world. Essentially, the treaties allowed Philip V (grandson of King Louis XIV of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe.[1]. ~ raised the Taille (main tax) but cost of 30 yrs war = large debt), -Continued anti-Habsburg policy -> ALL FOREIGN POLICY - Russia becomes Dominant BALTIC POWER, Thirty Years war and weakened power of Estates in German Territories allowed elector to move towards consolidation of power Le 2. ~during 30 yrs War Ferdinand Ii gains Bohemia Grows as Europe and New World becomes an integrated market \end{array} VII. However, these challenges did not diminish the country's overall prosperity and cultural achievements, and the Dutch Golden Age remains an important period in European history. raison d'etat. [13][14][15][16][17][18], The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level the fortifications of Dunkirk, block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, [which] shall never be reconstructed". -At St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: Elizabeth sole protector of Protestants 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups, 1545-1563, reform catholic church discipline and reaffirm church doctrine, preserved papacy as center of christianity, confirm all 7 sacraments, reaffirm latin as language of worship, forbade clerical marriage, 1598 issued by henry 4 of france, granted religious tolerance to french protestants, marked first formal recognition by a european nation monarchy that 2 religions could coexist in same country, revoked by louis 14 1685, 1648 thirty years war, recognized calvinism as a legal faith, recognize independence of 300 german states, german political state still fragile, sweden additionall territory confirm status as major power, acknowledge indpendence of united provinces of netherlands, 1713 ended louis 14 effort to dominate europe, philip 5 king of spain, spain and france cant have same monarch, spanish nethlerands to austria along with milan naples and sicily, 1713 guaranteed succession of habsburg emperor charles 6 daughter maria theresa to throne, habsburg lands individsable, violated when fredrick great invade silesia in 1740, 1815 enacted a settlement that was acceptable to both the victors and to france, create a balance of power that lasted until unification of germany in 1871, underestimated force of liberalism and nationalism, used principle of legit to restore bourbons to throne in france, unite belguim with netherlands, create lose confedeation of 39 german states dominated by austria, establish rules for dividing africa amongst the european powers, a european state could no longer simply declare a region of africa its colony. -- he committed Fr. ~ defender of Anglican Church, Distrusted Puritans (Calvinists) - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England - Fronde(s) made him distrust nobility -> gov. . -confiscated land of Protestants and gave to Catholic nobles and foreign aristocrats (build loyal base) Huguenots could hold public offices, Absolutism: sovereignty (ultimate power) rests in the king who rules by divine right -- costly, inefficient methods of tax collecting (nobility not taxed) JOHN CALVIN --> people already predestined for salvation; success on earth determined place in heaven; hard work and no leisure time were signs of success. -opposed by England, Spain, Unitecd provinces, Holy Roman Emperor, Sweden and the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Palatinate -- Long Parliament (1640-1660) 1639: Scots rise in revolt IV. -subdue Scots, defeat Irish, gain trade routes from Dutch Work Ethic") Perspective: Wars end recognition of minority religious rights, guarantee of traditional boundaries of political sovereignty. oppressive class. Treaty of the Pyrenees. The first treaty, signed between France and Austria in the city of Rastatt, followed the earlier Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, which ended hostilities between France and Spain on the one hand, and Britain and the Dutch Republic on the other hand. he centralized the Fr. First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English. H. freedom --> a mind as well as a society free to think, free from prejudice. (1337-1453) Long series of wars between France and England. systems. The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of William III and the Duke of Marlborough. The Pope was in Rome and was Italian (use of Spanish Inquisition). It weakened Great Britain's effort to replace France as leading colonialpower. This document ended the War of the Spanish Succession. Spain was compelled to give Britain control of the lucrative West African slave trade and to let Britain send one ship of merchandise into the Spanish colonies annually, through Porto Bello on the Isthmus of Panama. -- never again would British kings be as powerful as Parliament. Although the fate of the Spanish Netherlands in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. Nations had the desire for increased world power through their colonial empires. overseas empire and Austria and Prussia over the leadership of Germany. F. economic depression at the end of the 16c. [37], Attempts to ensure its succession involved Austria in wars of little strategic value; much of the fighting in the 17331735 War of the Polish Succession taking place in its maritime provinces in Italy.
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