endstream endobj 74 0 obj <> endobj 75 0 obj <> endobj 76 0 obj <>stream South Asians seeking psychological services often feel misunderstood by health-care providers and then get discouraged from getting further help. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. In India, protests against a brutal gang rape in Delhi in 2012 rocked the country and launched a movement centered on womens rights, resulting in new laws to prosecute perpetrators of sexual violence. Pandemics, sudden swings in global liquidity and commodity prices, and extreme weather disasters were once tail-end risks. The three big issues facing East Asia | World Economic Forum New forms of state and non-state coercion have become more politically prominent, especially localized mob and vigilante violence, which are often linked to, rather than aimed at, the state and ruling parties. These changes across South Asia may be permanent, heralding the dominance of the state after a long period of persistent insurgent challenges. -- Volume 30, Number 1, March 2015, Editorial Board -- Volume 35, Number 2, July 2020, Editorial Board In another film, PK, an alien wanders around India confused by the countrys variousand seemingly incompatiblereligions. 0000003635 00000 n Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. 0000042912 00000 n SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. SOJOURN is published thrice a year, in March, July and November. The film industry is one of Indias most prominent cultural exports. -- Volume 27, Number 1, April 2012, Editorial Board How has this transformation occurred? <<74F53B64ECF66F4D8721F1E5DB6020AC>]>> ?\xx~,~P$ 0elqglOAAp0E` > dmslu%eg0$GM[M'LF jM University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR. The World Bank Group works in every major area of development. Annika and Nehal from the That Desi Spark podcast formerly known as The Woke Desi say they began their -- Volume 21, Number 1, April 2006. -- Volume 23, Number 1, April 2008, Editorial Board Immigrant Asians were slightly more likely than U.S.-born Asians to be homeowners in 2019 (60% vs. 56%). 0000002992 00000 n Indian films might be famous for their catchy and colorful musical numbers, but they also reflect Indias diversity. Challenging South Asias Toxic Patriarchy Through Podcasts Crucially, however, this resurgence of state coercive power remains contested: while a new era of powerful states untroubled by internal competitors may have begun, there are reasons to be cautious. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that a fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, and as a result, lower psychological problems. trailer Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. ISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA - JSTOR Since 2000, India has faced insurgencies in three geographic areas. Social taboos run deep in every region, state, Karachis politics and political economy involved substantial lethal violence, as well as intimidation and threats. This conflict, which experienced a resurgence in 2005, has not gone away and continues to be politically important. Immigrants today account for 13.7% of the U.S. population, nearly triple the share (4.8%) in 1970. It rings true in south Asian countries where the society is rapidly changing with a complex set of State-society relationship. HS1WRtqmf"g/Ugh+3T*{q`U?o>)Tn0XL&)ZOrST=_7:[rchll^b. While trying to fit into a western society that prides itself on individual expression, they may find themselves navigating a culture at home where personal boundaries are blurred, and self-identity is determined by the validation of their family and community. Its home to 1.3 billion people and has twenty-two official regional languages. (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images, How the World Works and Sometimes Doesnt, Return to Rather, it is exposing in a single word the reason why overcoming systemic violence based on gender is so difficult. While the Pakistani military is currently riding high politically, its track record over time has included miscalculation and counterproductive policies (for instance, repressing unarmed political movements while tolerating Islamist armed groups that later grew out of control). Various countries of the South Asian region suffer from intense forms of exclusion in social terms and gaps at the infrastructural level. From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened These approaches to therapy are difficult to translate across language and cultures without appropriate modification. -- Volume 32, Number 3, November 2017, Editorial Board Geopolitical stability and regional relationships In a number of cases, a self-sustaining, pro-state political order remains distant, and the security apparatus is instead needed to deter or contain resistance. In the Global South there is a huge research gap in linking the social movements and power dynamics within the societies. Areas of special concern are ethnicity, religion, urbanization, migration, and development. Bangladesh brought down cases of cholera and diarrheal disease by 95 percent between 2003 and 2013 by promoting good hygiene through handwashing public awareness campaigns and the construction of millions of toilets and latrines. The same is true of the internal security buildup, both in terms of funding and MHA force sizes, as well as the policies toward both the Northeast and Naxalite-influenced areas. More recently, Nepals lawmakers elected the countrys first woman presidentand the countrys second presidentBidhya Devi Bhandari, in 2015. WebSouth Asia has some of the worst levels of human deprivation in the world. Social and Political Issues in South Asia Final Version Jan 29 Nevertheless, the landscape of political violence in much of the region is strikingly different in 2020 than in years like 2004 or 2010. Existing violence data is not adequate to make fine-grained claims: it is likely that official records undercount civilian deaths, and both media and government reports can be highly unreliable in their distinctions between civilians and militants. %%EOF South Asian Americans 0000005234 00000 n intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society, fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, Click here to listen to Dont Call Me Resilient, Lecturer in Environmental Art - School of Art and Design. A silent mental health crisis exists among South Asian communities. Pew Research Center South Asia: supporting gender equality and social As an admittedly crude proxy, however, overall conflict-related fatalities data leaves little doubt about broad trends. -- Volume 25, Number 2, October 2010, Editorial Board Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Indias first prime minister, served as prime minister for almost sixteen nonconsecutive years and was a powerful force in Indian politics for decades. One way to do this is to ask mental health experts to host community workshops specifically for South Asian communities. The peak of this conflicts violence, in 2010, was reached much later than in J&K and the Northeast but has since seen a drop to a consistent but lower level in recent years. This is a hugely important shift. 0000011157 00000 n For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. ;`w#O*>Brq` pdtw:E7[mEb"0pf"AEA57A{)c Population Problems of South Asia WebUsing a cross-disciplinary approach, the author discusses evolving physical and cultural landscapes. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam insurgency in Sri Lanka has also decisively ended, though in far bloodier fashion. While there is a heavy security force presence in the region, there has also been space for long-running ceasefires and negotiations that reduce violence even when they do not fully resolve contested political issues. -- Volume 27, Number 2, October 2012, Editorial Board WebSouth Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions globally to a number of direct and indirect effects of climate change, including sea level rise, cyclonic activity, and changes in ambient temperature and precipitation patterns. This creates an internal struggle among South Asians who have been socialized to believe that family loyalty is of utmost importance. And Nepal has reduced its maternal mortality by more than 70 percent since 1990 through government and donor-supported investments in education, free child-delivery services, and improvements to road infrastructure, which allow mothers to more easily reach health clinics in the mountains and hills. How Such massive populations present economic opportunities for South Asian countries but also leave the regionone already prone to floods and heat wavesmore vulnerable to climate change and the spread of disease. -- Volume 33, Number S, 2018, Editorial Board Yet, their governments seem to have not fully prioritized combating these challenges. Y$+nEq7q4},@B-A)?XH;Y.GQ4TU The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 created an economic crisis for Central Asias newly independent countries. 0(z5&owdB\ztmz}fCKm'4 /gpYu&1;O+aF(|i%X Third, even noninsurgent violence has the potential to spiral into broader conflict. Drawing on its nomadic culture, Kyrgyzstan launched the World Nomad Games in 2014. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. xref In parts of Pakistan, nearly one-third of all primary schoolaged girls are not in school. Now and Always,The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Now and Always, The Trusted Content Your Research Requires, Built on the Johns Hopkins University Campus. South Asian countries have poor health care systems. Afghanistan has only 2.8 physicians per 10,000 people, Bhutan 3.8, Bangladesh 5.3, and Nepal 6.5, a 10th of the number in more advanced countries. Even India, which has one of the strongest health systems in the region, has only 7.8 physicians per 10,000 people ( Rasul, 2020 ). Finally, the paper anticipates a call for the collective colloquium of south Asian social movements. 0000001283 00000 n Suppressing violence is not necessarily the same as resolving conflict. 0000042665 00000 n India, once the exceptional case of liberal democracy in the region, has seen its rating drop in recent years, echoing a decrease in Freedom Houses assessment. India and the international community have put sustained pressure on Pakistan to reduce its support for militants and terrorists. Both separatist and revolutionary insurgencies presented serious challenges in India; Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), also known as the Pakistani Taliban, rose with frightening speed to challenge a long-complacent Pakistani security establishment; Maoist insurgents mobilized against the Nepali government; the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; Tamil Tigers) carved out a de facto state in northern Sri Lanka; and some predicted a rising violent Islamist tide in Bangladesh. For many youth, entering into a relationship prior to marriage is discouraged. -- Volume 36, Number 3, November 2021, Editorial Board On average, people are living over twenty years longer compared to half a century ago. WebGet Access SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. Labor mobility across and within countries enables economic development by allowing people to move to locations where they are more productive. 0000003220 00000 n As a result, millions of people from Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan looking for work traveled north to Russia, where wages were higher, jobs were plentiful, and the language was familiar. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. 0000002957 00000 n 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Pakistans counterinsurgency successes have been accompanied by the militarys enduring political power and serious limits on rights. Second, the increasingly volatile international politics of the region may provide new incentives for governments to support armed groups across borders, tapping into preexisting conflicts and grievances. hTn0E|,[um)Bj,CM=!E*. 0000003857 00000 n -- Volume 36, Number 1, March 2021, Editorial Board Three states have populations of over one hundred million people. Traditional psychotherapy has been founded on normalized versions of western, middle-class families. Yet, in 2020, most of these conflicts are either finished or persist at much lower intensity. It is a sea change. India is home to one billion Hindus, as well as most of the worlds Sikhs, Jains, Zoroastrians, and Bahais. But since the Soviet Unions collapse in 1991, Russian language instruction in schools has substantially decreased, Russian media is now hard to come by, and many of Central Asias younger generations are instead opting today to pursue the languages of rising powers like China. 06 July 2021 South Asia countries are among the most vulnerable globally to the impacts of climate change. endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream But all three have arrived in rapid succession over the past two years and are testing South Asias economies, said Martin Raiser, World Bank Vice President for South Asia. While advocates of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis government have heralded his strength and resolve, the trends in insurgent violence under the second Congress Party-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government (20092014) look almost identical to those in the Modi government. Its constitution recognizes twenty-two languages, and its population is bigger than Africas. This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. Note: (e)=estimate, (f)=forecast. Tensions between Hindus and Muslims go back to before 1947, and religious violence has erupted occasionally since. -- Volume 35, Number 3, November 2020, Editorial Board A 16 year old boy prepares to marry a young girl in Indore, India, on May 15, 2002, despite a government ban on under-age nuptials. This report intends to capture the current state of play of the global water justice movement in order to strengthen struggles for public and community water systems. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. Finally, Nepal has meaningfully improved its democratic practice since the end of its civil war. These changes are neither universal nor irreversible: important conflicts persist and continue to exact a severe human cost. The fact that much of the Islamist militancy Pakistan has faced in recent years in part arose from the security establishments own past policies has not reduced the militarys heralding of its successes against the TTP. Without the support from Moscow that had kept their economies afloat for decades, these countries soon lost as much as 50 percent of their GDPs. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, and mainstream political systems in these areas requiring heavy force deployments to be sustainable. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. Consequently, many young South Asians keep their relationships hidden due to internalized shame and a fear of being rejected by their families. Like most international sporting events, the World Nomad Games also serve as a political forum. Held every two years, the Olympics-style gathering boasts over forty sports, including horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, bone tossing, seventeen types of wrestling, high-speed yurt-building, dog racing, and kok boru, a game in which horse-mounted players throw a headless goat carcass into a large goal. The legal system grants substantial latitude to internal security forces, which limits checks on state power, and informal practices add to this autonomy. startxref WebSocial and political issues LGBT communities. So while state governments can set their official languages and control their finances, the central government is in charge of communications, defense, diplomacy, and monetary policy. There is a strong need for culturally sound therapy. Secondly, policymakers can de-risk migration through several means including more flexible visa policies, mechanisms to support migrant workers during shocks, and social protection programs. 0000006899 00000 n To this end, the report offers two recommendations. A set of deals with local warlords and TTP splinters created partners for the security forces; rather than monopolizing violence, the security apparatus has used other non-state armed groups as tools of power projection and local control. High-quality, standards-aligned classroom resources, lesson plans, teaching inspiration, and professional development opportunitiesall inspired by our mission that Global Civics is essential for twenty-first century citizenship. Furthermore, there is little systematic data on nonfatal human rights violations, such as torture and sexual violence. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. qQa]6KJ4biYYtbubq>C)-,V~#h[ }06cc8 Ve[o~?ph (4)lUx\X Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the social movements are increasingly contested with identity politics and agrarian issues. To counter this, South Asian families need to be more deeply educated on risk factors that can lead to mental health conditions. The governments of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanthe three richest and most populous countries in the regionwill also transition their languages away from the Russian Cyrillic script to Englishs Latin alphabet by 2025. Since then, other than the Easter bombings by an Islamist cell in 2019, there have not been major acts of anti-state violence. Instead, mob violence has become a more persistent concern than rebellion. The gap between promise and reality is widest in this region. Islamist cells have launched dramatic terror attacks but, especially since 2016, these were met with intense repression and have decreased in frequency. Moreover, migration of mostly young men has led to rising divorce rates in Central Asian countries, where its not uncommon for one parent to be abroad for most of the year. -- Volume 28, Number 2, July 2013, Editorial Board A map showing the major religion in each country of South Asia. Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka became the worlds first female prime minister in 1960; her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga, also became both prime minister and president. India and Pakistan account for 86 percent of the regions total population and, along with Bangladesh, rank among the worlds ten largest countries by population. endstream endobj 80 0 obj <>stream Finally, domestic political instability can provide both opportunity and motivation for insurgency. Politics in South Asia. Finally, instability in and political exclusion from regimes can foster rebellions, even after long periods of apparent stability.
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