At the lower levels, leaders conduct their mission analyses by evaluating METT-TC. FM 7-30: The Infantry Brigade - Appendix I - GlobalSecurity.org A-118. The leader also determines how to avoid enemy strengths or advantages in combat power. Tasks and purposes of the decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations. A-75. In the operational environment, this might be the most important analysis the leader conducts and is likely to yield the most useful information to the leader. How obvious are these positions to the enemy? A description of the weather we had encountered earlier added credence to our discussions with the battle captain. The unit's decisive operation always focuses at the decisive point, and always accomplishes the unit's purpose. Enemy Situation Template ;" "Reconnoiter route BLUE;" "Assist the forward passage of 1st platoon, B Company." PPTX Slide 1 If I must support a breach, where is the expected breach site and where will the enemy be overwatching the obstacle? He need not wait for a complete OPORD before starting to develop his own tentative plan. The consequences of tactical risk take two major forms: A-105. Scenario Blueprint Examples. The answers to the following questions become inputs into developing a COA. The concept of the operation is a framework to assist leaders, not a script. Observation and Fields of Fire Evaluation of weather in support of these operations requires information on the wind at the surface as well as at varying altitudes. Where can I kill him? A-91. What terrain is important to the enemy and why? Whether it is set times for prayer, shopping or commuting, people follow patterns. MS200 Video lecture about Course of Action (COA) Sketch and Concept Statement The views expressed are those of the speaker and do not reflect the official policy or po MDMP: Course of Action. The sequence can vary. A-25. Is the enemy controlling this key terrain? Not only does it facilitate planning, but it also aids in briefing subordinates. Leaders capture their understanding of what their units are to accomplish in their revised mission statements. How will existing obstacles and restricted terrain affect the enemy? Suitable. Leaders must know more than just the number and types of vehicles, Soldiers, and weapons the enemy has. A-62. It was only then that I was able to look outside again. A-38. He considers light data and identifies critical conclusions about A-74. The length of crossover time depends on air temperature, soil and vegetation types, amount of cloud cover, and other factors. How will precipitation (or lack of it) affect the mobility of the unit or of enemy forces? Reinforcing obstacles are constructed, emplaced, or detonated by military force . This assessment is largely subjective. COA statement should identify -Decisive point, and what makes it decisive. CBRN operations usually favor the upwind force. Critical events for each COA. A-100. He must not take these as facts. Avenues of approach are classified by type (mounted, dismounted, air, or subterranean), formation, and speed of the largest unit traveling on it. Designating a decisive point is critical to the leader's vision of how he will use combat power to achieve the purpose, how he will task-organize his unit and how his shaping operations will support the decisive operation, and how the decisive operation will accomplish the unit's purpose. This often becomes a union of resources and specialized capabilities. Whenever possible and depending on the existing chain of command, they avoid fracturing unit integrity. A-47. How will obstacles and terrain affect the movement or maneuver of the unit? Many times, the spiritual leader is not necessarily the decision maker for a community, but the spiritual leader must approve the decision maker's actions. The COA covers the operational factors of who, what, when, where, and how, and must show from start to finish how the unit will accomplish the mission. Visual Aids Course-of-Action Development and Analysis - GlobalSecurity.org In addition, consider how historical, cultural, and social factors shape public perceptions beliefs, goals, and expectations. Starting with a baseline pattern and keeping a mission analysis on how the population is responding or have responded in the past under similar circumstances will assist leaders in using patterns to the unit's advantage. What lateral routes could we use to shift to other axes, and which could the enemy use to threaten our flanks? The terrain, however, may favor defending or attacking. It was about a 20-minute flight and as we got closer, the dust storm worsened. They must go beyond merely passing along the MCOO to their subordinate leaders and making general observations of the terrain such as "This is high ground," or "This is a stream." Areas The COA sketch is a drawing or series of drawings to assist the leader in describing how the operation will unfold. The COA sketch should identify how the unit intends to focus the effects of overwhelming combat power at the decisive point. Purposes of critical warfighting functions elements. to convey the operation in a doctrinal context. Analyzing the unit's current location in relation to future Events Select or Modify COA for Continued Analysis NOTE: A good COA positions the force for sequels and provides flexibility to meet unforeseen events during execution. Leaders assess risk continuously throughout COA development. Specified tasks also may be found in annexes and overlays, for example-- "Seize OBJ FOX. Information Requirements Defined Operational Environment What would you have done in our situation? Determine where events will occur that differentiate between EN COAs (these become NAIs) 4. The commander also issues planning guidance to the staff, such as time limitations or a change in commander's intent. Figure C-1 shows an example of the COA sketch and text (COA statement) that go with the OPFOR countertasks listed above. He then develops the maneuver control measures necessary to convey his intent, enhance the understanding of the schemes of maneuver, prevent fratricide, and clarify the tasks and purposes of the decisive shaping, and sustaining operations. Echeloning and identifying of enemy observation and indirect fires. Defensive considerations the leader can include in his evaluation of avenues of approach: Key Terrain During the first step of COA development, analyzing relative combat power, leaders compare and contrast friendly combat power with the enemy. Risk assessment is the identification and assessment of hazards allowing a leader to implement measures to control hazards. It also gives subordinates the maximum latitude for initiative. For example, in an attack against a defending enemy, the COA must address the movement to, deployment against, assault of, and consolidation upon the objective. Will wind speed and direction favor enemy use of obscurants? To identify friendly coordination requirements. He made an informed decision to put the crews on standby in case the weather lifted. A-32. We had passengers, field Soldiers, aircrew and our aircraft to consider. Array Forces A-98. The COA must address the doctrinal aspects of the mission. Defining other influential organizations or groups of influence allows for information collection. Analysis of troops follows the same logic as analyzing the enemy by identifying capabilities, vulnerabilities and strengths. Instructions: The C634 course of action statement and sketch (COA S&S) is worth 20% of the overall C600 grade. A-36. Enemy action where the leader has accepted risk such as an enemy attack where the friendly leader has chosen to conduct an economy of force. A-22. As a result, he changed his report to three-quarters of a mile visibility. It was a familiar mission; a flight of two UH-60Ls were to fly a five-and-a-half-hour ring route under night vision goggles. In all cases, the enemy's recent activities must be understood, because they can provide insight into his future activities and intentions. Projected sustainment expenditures, friendly casualties, and resulting medical requirements. A-59. This tentative decisive point forms the basis of his planning and COA development; it also forms the basis of communicating the COA to his subordinates. How do our forces build national will in our area of operations? Decisive terrain. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. Population statuses overlays can best describe groups and define what feelings the group has toward American forces. A-109. What effect will this have on the way the enemy fights?. Leaders understand their immediate headquarters concept of the operation. How do I detect and, if desired, bypass the obstacles? Second, leaders confirm the missions decisive point. This additional information will assist the approval authority in making the final decision to accept the risk. He must know, how much indirect fire, by type, is available and when it will become available. One technique is to parallel the TLP based on the products received from higher. The leader must consider two kinds of risk: tactical and accident. STEP 3 - Course of action development Flashcards Preview - Brainscape This can require reduced aircraft payloads. What axes afford both clear fields of fire and cover and concealment? The process of getting from the original COA inputs (statement and sketch) to the formal inputs needed . A-87. Assigning areas of operations to subordinates lets the subordinates use their initiative and supports decentralized execution. Array initial forces. For armored forces, steep slopes, densely spaced obstacles, and absence of a developed road system characterize severely restricted terrain. CBRN. These effects translate directly into conclusions applying to friendly or enemy COA. This doctrinal requirement provides a framework for the leader to develop a COA. A-42. In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. Consideration of the weather's effects is an essential part of the leader's mission analysis. COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet How will each avenue of approach affect the rate of movement of each type force? Write your commanders intent to address key tasks or conditions that must be met to achieve the stated purpose and end state. Strong winds and wind turbulence limit airborne, air assault, and aviation operations. During all phases, leaders consider critical times, unusable time, the time it takes to accomplish activities, the time it takes to move, priorities of work, and tempo of operations. A-113. Each COA the leader develops must be detailed enough to clearly describe how he envisions using all of his assets and combat multipliers to achieve the unit's mission-essential task and purpose. Reinforcing obstacles, protective (reinforcing) obstacles offer close-in protection and are important to survivability. I kept an eye on the dust cloud and the instrument panel at the same time, which wasn't a good idea because I soon became disoriented. The two flight crews met at the TOC for the mission briefing. 2. Complete. Higher headquarters information, he determines how the enemy is (or might be) arrayed. Using the product from generating options, the leader then determines what combinations of Soldiers, weapons, and other systems are needed to accomplish each task. The COA statement briefly expresses how the unit will conduct the combined arm concept. PDF Tools of The Company Commander Other critical conditions to consider include visibility and weather data, and events such as higher headquarters tasks and required rehearsals. One technique is to use the warfighting functions as a checklist to address every significant element the enemy brings to the fight. After identifying these avenues, the leader evaluates each and determines its importance. Existing obstacles, natural include rivers; forests; mountains; ravines; gaps and ditches more than three meters wide; tree stumps and large rocks more than 18 inches high; forests with trees eight inches or more in diameter, with less than four meters between trees. Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. It is beneficial for flight crews to know the area's weather trends. The time it takes to complete this is well worth the effort to ensure the command is aware of the increased risk involved. Operations/actions consist of numerous activities, events, and tasks. Leaders who identify the economic production base of their area of operation can execute civil-military campaigns within their area of operation bolstering the economic welfare of the people. -Form of maneuver or type of defensive operation. For each COA, the leader thinks through the operation from start to finish. A-116. Reconnaissance is critical in developing the best possible enemy scenario. Additionally, they apply these conclusions when they develop COA for both enemy forces and their units. Analyzing the enemy answers the question, "What is the enemy doing and why?" A situation template is a visual illustration of how the enemy force might look and act without the effects of weather and terrain. Leaders analyze the enemy's dispositions, compositions, strengths, doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable COA. Coordinating instructions to enhance execution and unity of effort, and to ease confusion between subordinate elements. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress. Where has the enemy positioned weapons to cover the obstacles, and what type of weapons is he using? The decisive point might be the event or action (with respect to terrain, enemy, or time, and generation of combat power) will ultimately and irreversibly lead to the unit achieving its purpose. Assumptions SELECT HERE, By CHIEF WARRANT OFFICER 2 DWAINE L. ESCH, C Company, 2nd Battalion, 227th Aviation Regiment, 1st Air Cavalry Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Fort Hood, Texas. Once identified, risk must be reduced through controls. AGADAP Example Walk-through Part 3:. For example, they might have to move in columns rather than in lines. Form of maneuver or type of defensive mission. A-24. War gaming is a critical step in the planning process and should be allocated more time than the other steps. The two key elements are friendly forces information and priority intelligence requirements. There four goals include. In it, leaders show terrain mobility classifications, key terrain, intervisibility lines, known obstacles, avenues of approach, and mobility corridors. A prominent hilltop overlooking an avenue of approach might or might not be key terrain. A-31. The unit has the technical and tactical skills and resources to accomplish the COA, with available time, space, and resources. The leader must answer these questions: Precipitation Then, they determine how those fit into their superiors concepts of the operation. What avenues would support a friendly counterattack or repositioning of forces? Current activities, capabilities, and limitations are some of the information necessary to build situational understanding. Avenues of Approach It, along with the platoons purpose, is usually assigned by the higher headquarters' OPORD in concept of operation or Tasks to Maneuver Units. What is the enemy's most probable course of action? He might do it personally, by map, or with his subordinate units, or he can use the assets and information provided by the battalion reconnaissance platoon. COA analysis begins with both friendly and enemy COA and, using a method of action-reaction-counteraction war game, results in a synchronized friendly plan, identified strengths and weaknesses, and updated risk assessment. The leader develops his entire COA from the decisive point. 7. Heavy cloud cover can degrade many target acquisition systems, IR guided munitions, and general aviation operations. A-34. The COA statement specifies how the unit will accomplish the mission. Course of Action Development, Offense A-50. An example of a (partial) sketch of a course of action. b. Winds Money and resources drive prosperity and stability. Sustainment Mission Command Threat COA's - Sketch PLT Concept (i.e. Start with Situation Template 2. A-72. We boarded our aircraft, started the engines and positioned ourselves at the passenger terminal to pick up our first passengers for the evening. 4 Q You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have completed the C600 block of instruction and the C634 MDMP Exam. They maintain understanding of subordinates readiness, including maintenance, training, strengths and weaknesses, leaders, and logistic status. Leaders analyze terrain using the categories of It is not merely a calculation and comparison of friendly and enemy weapons numbers or units with the aim of gaining a numerical advantage. The refined product is a platoon situation template, a graphic showing how he believes the enemy will fight under specific operational conditions. These may be indigenous, come from a third country or U.S. agencies. A-88. A-96.People is a general term describing all nonmilitary personnel military forces encountered in the area of operation. He can obtain this information by translating percentages given from higher headquarters to the actual numbers in each enemy element or from information provided the COP. In the defense, weapon positions must be both lethal to the enemy and survivable to the Soldier. We had legal weather; however, the weather report showed a dust storm in our flight path. If he has no mutually supporting mobility corridors, then a single mobility corridor might become an avenue of approach. We decided to return to the airfield at that point because once we passed the light source, we wouldn't be able to see much of anything. When fully boarded, we took off and headed to the first stop. Routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities which significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations, including seasons, festivals, holidays, funerals, political rallies, and agricultural crop/livestock and market cycles and paydays. PIR are best expressed in a question being answered yes or no. An avenue of approach is an air or ground route of an attacking force leading to an objective or key terrain. A-69. 8. Mission analysis answers the four questions of the leader's visualization: The following video explains step 3 of the Troop Leading Procedures. What we had was conflicting weather briefs from reliable sources. He also identifies positions where artillery observers can call for indirect fire. Cover and Concealment A sketch typically includes symbols of friendly and enemy units, assembly. A-97. A-119. An intervisibility line analysis enables the leader to visualize the profile view of terrain when only a topographic product (map) is provided. How will cloud cover affect unit operations at night? This is extremely important in understanding when and where to commit combat power, what relationships can be reinforced with certain groups versus what relationships need to start or cease, and ultimately what second and third order effects our actions will have in the area of operation. For shaping operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which shapes the decisive operation. For example, a breach requires an assault element, support element, breach element, security element, and possibly a reserve. Assess capabilities in terms of those required to save, sustain, or enhance life, in that order. All work must be your own. In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. Understanding of time and space relationships of events, leading to thorough contingency plans. A-51. People . (Refer to The memory aid the higher headquarters may use to analyze and describe these civil considerations is ASCOPE. Feasible. During execution, their continuous analyses enable them to issue well-developed Concept Statement & Sketch - YouTube If he has developed more than one COA, he applies this same analysis to each COA developed. Identify number of units needed and operational. Understanding these patterns helps leaders plan and execute information collection, combat operations, and logistical resupply. Strong winds also can hamper the efficiency of directional antenna systems by inducing antenna wobble. Offensive considerations when analyzing obstacles and restricted terrain: How is the enemy using obstacles and restricted terrain features? Engineer forces might be needed to improve mobility or platoon and squads might have to deviate from doctrinal tactics. Analyze Relative Combat Power ), Table A-1. These significant deductions drive the planning process and execution of operations. For example, an armor heavy task force organized with three armor and one STEP 5 Complete the course of action by preparing a statement and sketch. The leader ensures every unit in his command is employed, every asset is attached and adequate mission command is provided for each element. Will temperatures and humidity favor the use of nonpersistent chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear? What terrain is essential for communications nodes dictating the employment of digital communications equipment? A-81. The leader identifies critical factors such as type, amount, and duration of precipitation. After these groups have been defined, analyzing them and determining their contributions or resistance to friendly operations is easier. The fifth mission variable of METT-TC is time available. COA Statement and Sketch - LegitWriting Deductions resulting from the relative combat power analysis. Gaining local support can best be accomplished by the leader who demonstrates dignity and respect to the civilian population he is charged to protect and train. COA Statement and Sketch Pajota's Guerillas' mission is to block off a mile of road through the use of road blocks on both sides of the highway bridge cross over Cabu Creek of an estimated 300 yards northeast from compound. During the war game, the leader visualizes a set of enemy and friendly actions and reactions. The normal cycle for defensive missions is engagement area development and preparation of the battle positions, actions in the EA, counterattack, and consolidation and reorganization. If commanders reject all COAs, the . A-114. He uses these factors, gained from his relational combat power analysis matrix, as his frame of reference in tentatively selecting the best COA. Leaders who analyze the ethnic dynamics of their area of operation can best apply combat power, shape maneuver with information related capabilities, and ultimately find the common denominator all ethnic varieties have in common and focus unit efforts at it. The faculty feedback from the exam will better prepare you for the COA S&S. The leader also must identify civil considerations affecting his mission. This aspect of civil considerations reinforces the security of the community against poverty and other enablers to instability. PPT - Course of Action Development (MDMP) PowerPoint Presentation, free This requires the leader to understand the laws of war, the ROE, and local situation.
Athena Query Where Clause,
Utah Youth Baseball Leagues,
Fresno State Softball: Schedule 2022,
Articles C
