Assertiveness: The degree to which individuals are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with others. According to Karl von Habsburg, President of Blue Shield International, the destruction of cultural assets is also part of psychological warfare. of intercultural communication competence: Scholarship "[52] The American version of cultural studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to, and uses of, mass culture; for example, American cultural-studies advocates wrote about the liberatory aspects of fandom. Individualism The second covers the variables that represent the "social orientation" of societies, i.e., the attitudes and lifestyles of their members. Additionally, there is a strong emphasis on respecting ones elders and showing loyalty to family and community. McClenon, James. Greece This type of cultural sociology may be loosely regarded as an approach incorporating cultural analysis and critical theory. (b) Impunity is \qquad (d) the inability to break a habit. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics. As a result, employers need employees who can write because today's digital media requires more written communication than ever. This is in direct contrast to low-context cultures, in which information is communicated primarily through language and rules are explicitly spelled out. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender. Required fields are marked *. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events. [45] It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall,[46] who succeeded Hoggart as Director. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified culture with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing). Martin Lindstrom asserts that Kulturbrille, which allow a person to make sense of the culture they inhabit, "can blind us to things outsiders pick up immediately."[38]. High-context cultures are collectivist, value interpersonal relationships, and have members that form stable, close relationships. His employees are continually late to work and it is affecting appointment workflow. Answer: a. follow up important messages in writing. c. 32. An error occurred trying to load this video. Which of the following is one of the strategies All rights reserved. These cultures engage in the calculation of profit and loss prior to engagement in a behavior. Collectivistic: High-context cultures are generally collectivist culturesthey place a higher value on the good of an entire group of people than on any one individual. All other. Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (19181933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie ('cultural sociology'). encompassing culture. This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. results from a common gene pool. b. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions. They rely less on context & non-verbal cues and instead convey meaning more directly. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights deals with cultural heritage in two ways: it gives people the right to participate in cultural life on the one hand and the right to the protection of their contributions to cultural life on the other. a. It also studies the meanings and uses people attribute to various objects and practices. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? c.Social media offers very little potential for intercultural engagement. and how much they try to avoid them is known as: ______ In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism such as Stuart Hall (19322014) and Raymond Williams (19211988) developed cultural studies. In the United Kingdom, cultural studies focuses largely on the study of popular culture; that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. This view comes through in the book Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman (by Paul du Gay et al. Japan Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture? These traits identify the cultural dimension of. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [17], Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action. Economics questions and answers. 2009) = Lascaux and Preservation Issues in Subterranean Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium (Paris, February 26 and 27), ditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 360 p. Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, Honour Cultures of honour and cultures of law, "Repositioning culture for development: women and development in a Nigerian rural community", "Why China Loves American Chain Restaurants So Much", Stephen Wolfram (May 16, 2017) A New Kind of Science: A 15-Year View, "Biography of Adolf Bastian, ethnologist", "What is Anthropology? Primitive. In addition, organizations that promote diversity suffer fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action. Employees in today's workforce must learn to write only e-mails effectively. Developers of social media should use the same design principles for all audiences. Which of the following countries has a high-context culture? "[27] This concept of culture is also comparable to the German concept of bildung: "culture being a pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world. b. Major trends in today's dynamic world of work include increased emphasis on self-directed work groups and virtual teams, heightened global competition, innovative communication technologies, new work environments, and focus on. basis of their. c. Monochronic vs. Polychronic Communication Styles | What Are Chronemics? 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High Context Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com Instead, you move from project to project, joining a new team and project when your current project is, You prepare notes for a staff meeting to present potential solutions to the lingering problem. To begin our exploration of Japans high context culture, we must first compare it to other high context cultures. A further and recent approach is comparative cultural studies, based on the disciplines of comparative literature and cultural studies.[51]. of intercultural communication. 1.5: Taxonomies of Cultural Patterns - Social Sci LibreTexts This E-mail is already registered with us. (a) The EU imposes tariffs on U.S. agricultural products, (b) China limits the amount of rare-earth minerals that can be They show hostility or indifference toward out-group members; Emphasis on harmony and hierarchy within group; Regulation of behavior with the help of group norms. attitude that ones own culture is superior to others is known as: Ethnocentrism, c. b. of the following countries would be considered low-context cultures: The You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. a. teaches : 1275997, Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. Analyzing Adapting Anticipating, Adapting your message to the task and audience requires empathy, which means putting yourself in the other person's shoes. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. They are characterized by shared values, norms, and beliefs that develop over time. is created by a structured educational system. Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, which led to identifying a "culture" among non-elites. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Chapter 1 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet [71][72][73], This article is about culture as used in the social sciences and humanities. b. c. d. Response Feedback: Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. It is also intended to affect the particularly sensitive cultural memory, the growing cultural diversity and the economic basis (such as tourism) of a state, region or municipality. a. High context cultures are those in which communication is largely implied rather than explicit. tolerance As a first step to gauge leader effectiveness across cultures, GLOBE empirically established nine cultural dimensions that make it possible to capture the similarities and/or differences in norms, values, beliefs and practicesamong societies. Emphasis on personal enjoyment, fun, and pleasure, over duties and social norms. Which of the following is not a dimension of culture? Yolanda has taught college Psychology and Ethics, and has a doctorate of philosophy in counselor education and supervision. Societies that have small power distance possess the following features: Participative or consultative style of management; Decision-making responsibility and authority decentralized; Questioning the authority and lack of acceptance; Tolerance toward differing opinions and behaviors. "[11] Terror management theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the basis for perceiving themselves as "person[s] of worth within the world of meaning"raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. Which statement about the effect of social media and communication technology on culture is. Which of the following is an example of an export control? Cultural Dimensions and Culture Clusters: GLOBE's major premise (and finding) is that leader effectiveness is contextual, that is, it is embedded in the societal and organizational norms, values, and beliefs of the people being led. High-context cultures are more likely to be intuitive . Japan is a country with a high-context culture. Explain. d. "bro culture"), or a counterculture. c. on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Every social organization has its prototype in the family. Germany d. Low-context and high-context cultures are the ends of a continuum portraying how cultures communicate. Finally, globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on the culture, providing opportunities for cultural exchange but also posing challenges for preserving a high context culture. It is similar to other high context cultures in terms of its group orientation and emphasis on social harmony, but has some unique characteristics such as a more individualistic approach to problem solving and a stronger emphasis on hierarchy. The concept of material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science comprise the intangible cultural heritage of a society.[5]. These traits identify the cultural dimension of. According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between "civilized" and "uncivilized. (b) China The transnational flow of culture has played a major role in merging different cultures and sharing thoughts, ideas, and beliefs. Equally, this view often portrayed indigenous peoples as "noble savages" living authentic and unblemished lives, uncomplicated and uncorrupted by the highly stratified capitalist systems of the West. culture? d. [67], In the 21st century, the protection of culture has been the focus of increasing activity by national and international organizations. China Explanation- High context culture countries are those where most of the people are highly educated and they follow certain norms and rituals and they b. Against this intellectual cowardice, Kant urged: "Sapere Aude" ("Dare to be wise!"). 40. He noted that in Japan, it is important to take the time to build relationships with colleagues and clients, as this can greatly influence business outcomes. Performance Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence. Norway Organizations like UNESCO attempt to preserve culture and cultural heritage. In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (17671835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. Confrontation is accepted as an attribute. These communicators represent what kind of culture? [65][66] The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions deal with the protection of culture. Why does China limit its exports of rare-earth minerals? Most Americans communicate with business associates at approximately 1 feet. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. They build on findings by Hofstede (1980), Schwartz (1994), Smith (1995), Inglehart (1997), and others. [60] Culture may affect the way that people experience and express emotions. __________ fleeting. prejudice and stereotyping are incompatible with which of the following traits Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Which of the following is an example of an. b. b. Keep these four metrics in mind as you study high-context cultures: 1. (c) Michael Jordan You consider several key agenda items to include and why ? Solved Which of the following countries has a high-context - Chegg Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. The non-Marxist approaches suggest that different ways of consuming cultural artifacts affect the meaning of the product. Culture, for a cultural-studies researcher, not only includes traditional high culture (the culture of ruling social groups)[50] and popular culture, but also everyday meanings and practices. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. b. For example, the U.S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures. Answer: Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. b. Humane Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. ", "the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic activity.". When exchanging important information with someone for whom English is a second language, you should confirm the results and agreements in writing. These social shifts may accompany ideological shifts and other types of cultural change. I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way. Rather than being individualistic, they have an increased inclination towards conformity; Increased concern regarding in-group members. Thus, there is now a growing group of sociologists of culture who are, confusingly, not cultural sociologists. Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. Answer Key - Oxford University Press Experiencing fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which Another individual, a Japanese-American business executive, described the culture as one that values relationships over transactions. Which As the field developed, it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies, and art history to study cultural phenomena or cultural texts. House of the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania. These critics considered folk music (as produced by "the folk," i.e., rural, illiterate, peasants) to honestly express a natural way of life, while classical music seemed superficial and decadent. In reaction to Kant, German scholars such as Johann Gottfried Herder (17441803) argued that human creativity, which necessarily takes unpredictable and highly diverse forms, is as important as human rationality. According to research conducted by international business scholar Geert Hofstede, Japan is similar to China, South Korea, and India in terms of its high context culture. 1784. Group of answer choices One of them, a Japanese expatriate living in the United States, described the culture as very formal and polite, but with an underlying sense of respect and consideration. He further explained that this formality is often expressed through nonverbal cues such as body language, eye contact, and gestures. The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi,"[6] using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for human development. Coye, N. dir. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. 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Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas Do I really want to write this message? Concentration on self or at the most very near and dear ones, and concern with behavioral relationships as well as own goals, interests, and needs. In the words of anthropologist E.B. 'city'). High-" and "low-" context cultures typically refer to language groups, nationalities, or regional communities. Additionally, the language provides clues to its high context nature, and family and community play an important role in shaping the culture. Japan This included overtly political, left-wing views, and criticisms of popular culture as "capitalist" mass culture; it absorbed some of the ideas of the Frankfurt School critique of the "culture industry" (i.e. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of . Check all that apply. Starting in the 1990s,[57]:31 psychological research on culture influence began to grow and challenge the universality assumed in general psychology. "[9] Alternatively, in a contemporary variant, "Culture is defined as a social domain that emphasizes the practices, discourses and material expressions, which, over time, express the continuities and discontinuities of social meaning of a life held in common. b. UNESCO and its partner organizations such as Blue Shield International coordinate international protection and local implementation. In 1860, Adolf Bastian (18261905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind. Which statement about the effect of social media and communication technology on culture is most accurate? Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Unlock new opportunities and expand your reach by joining our authors team. They are: Power Distance: The degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally. Your email address will not be published. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Which communication technology is used by companies today? Benevolence has little or no significance; Much value is associated with mastery of people, nature, job, and the like; Sense of humor, intelligence, affection, personality are considered preferred characteristic traits of a boyfriend by the women; Understanding, wealth, and health are considered desirable characteristic traits of a husband by the women. Max is preparing a contract between his company and one in Mexico. The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx,[42] Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, wherein researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. Cultural sociologists tend to reject scientific methods, instead hermeneutically focusing on words, artifacts and symbols. Gerold Keusch "Kulturschutz in der ra der Identittskriege" In: Truppendienst - Magazin des sterreichischen Bundesheeres, October 24, 2018. [33] American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and in the United States and Canada, archaeology. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. These norms can influence business practices, as they can affect the way people interact with each other, negotiate, and make decisions.
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