Southern states seceded from the union in order to protect their states rights, the institution of slavery, and disagreements over tariffs. where were the majority of the free blacks? On the other hand, abolitionist arguments against slavery challenged proslavery apologists to push slave evangelization: If slavery was to be defended as a positive good, the slaves had to be converted to Christianity and master-slave relations had to be conducted along biblical lines. were located primarily in the backcountry. The Constitution is silent on the question of secession. Palmer then poses the question, "If the South is such a people, what, at this juncture, is their providential trust?" what happened to those who smuggled in African slaves? Wilson, Charles Reagan. . Is Uc San Diego The Same As University Of San Diego? This message was accepted gladly both by whites and a significant number of slaves. This he did, convinced that the response he got was "sufficient proof that I have spoken to the heart of this community" (Palmer 1860, p. 2). The term Lost Cause was first used by Edward A . Moderates believed that slavery should be phased out gradually, in order to ensure the economy of the Southern states would not collapse. 1836 Battle between Texans and Mexicans in San Antonio. it required southern postmasters to destroy it and told southern state officials to arrest federal postmasters who did not comply, no, many northerners wanted to keep the clauses on slavery in the Constitution, those who did not want to fully abolish slavery but prevent it from extending it west, an organization created in the Great Depression that hired people to improve culture, including interviewing remaining former slaves from Virginia to Texas for three years; most of the slaves were very old and/or had been very young when enslaved, so they weren't as useful. John C. Calhoun, shown here in a ca. Defenders of the institution also lashed out directly at abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison for daring to call into question their way of life. I'm Cary Hardy, an education expert and consultant. "The particular trust assigned to such a people becomes the pledge of the divine protection, and their fidelity to it determines the fate by which it is finally overtaken." Some prominent proslavery southern politicians, such as William L. Yancey of Alabama and John Slidell of Louisiana, were either raised in the North or northerners by birth. . Encyclopedia.com. Lincoln's famous "House Divided" speech of 1858 only. Extolling "our faith that the negro is one blood with us," Thornwell goes on to admit that slavery itself may not be a perfect system: "Slavery is a part of the curse which sin has introduced into the world and stands in the same general relation to Christianity as poverty, sickness, disease and death. Reprinted in Early American Writing In this 1837 speech, John C. Calhoun, then a U.S. senator, vigorously defended the institution of slavery and stated the essence of this new intellectual defense of the institution: Southerners must stop apologizing for slavery and reject the idea that it was a necessary evil. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The Antebellum South . The Southern apologist were people from the southern parts of the united states who argued in favour of slavery. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet? . Because they were welcomed into the churches, they felt a sense of belonging that they felt in almost no other sphere of their existence. no, by 1850, less than 2,000 Southerners owned over 100 slaves and were usually politicians and aristocrats, yes, about 75% in 1860; they were mainly subsistence farmers who concentrated on corn and hogs. being unable to own or operate small businesses. By that time, American abolitionists had realized the failure of gradualism and persuasion, and they subsequently turned to a more militant policy, demanding immediate abolition by law. After Emancipation, some Southern Protestants refused to revise their proslavery views. to read John C. Calhouns Disquisition on Government. Why do you think he proposed the creation of a concurrent majority? Planters often broke up families and sold family members to distant plantations. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. What singing! I've worked with students of all ages and backgrounds, and I love helping them unlock their full potential. Black female abolitionist. . did many blacks want to move back to Africa? I hold then, that there never has yet existed a wealthy and civilized society in which one portion of the community did not, in point of fact, live on the labor of the other. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980. System that fed slaves to the Cotton South. Which statement best describes a major disadvantage to the extensive cotton production that took place in the Deep South? 7879). What Did The Confederate Constitution Say About Slavery? Recent post: Who Is The Catholic Bishop Of South Dakota? As the nation expanded in the 1830s and 1840s, the writings of abolitionistsa small but vocal group of northerners committed to ending slaveryreached a larger national audience. By the necessary course of events, if left to themselves, we must become, finally, two people. Faced with growing criticism by a largely Northern-based abolition movement, however, people in the Southern states felt compelled to defend themselves and to show solid justifications for keeping slaves. Aaron Sheehan-Dean is the Fred C. Frey Professor of Southern Studies at Louisiana State University. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/slavery-apologists, "The Slavery Apologists He is but a grown up child and must be governed as a child . Consequently, many Northerners remained unwilling to adopt abolitionist policy and were distrustful of abolitionist extremism. However, the date of retrieval is often important. A key issue was states rights. Instead, Calhoun insisted, slavery was a "positive good.". 1830s President of Mexico. In 1874, for instance, the Southern Methodists General Convention reaffirmed their attitudes and actions in the antebellum period, historian Elizabeth L. Jemison writes in her exploration of proslavery Christianity after Emancipation. The institution of slavery became even more entrenched in the South because of the increasing importance of, The prosperity of the southern yeoman was limited by the lack of, large numbers of surplus slaves were sold from the upper South to the lower South. White southerners became more committed to quashing antislavery ideas. They were staunch supporters of slavery even though they rarely owned slaves. Southerners, to justify the loss of some 260 thousand men, had to try to understand, from their perspective, why God slept while they fought. The popularity of tanning rose in the early twentieth century, when bronzed skin signaled a life of leisure, not labor. Such preachers as Charles Colcock Jones (18041863) of Liberty County, Georgia, traveled from plantation house to plantation house to preach to the slave populations there. How did abolitionists in the North respond to Southern apologists? 255-268. The Confederate version used the word slaves, unlike the U.S. Constitution. Why did southern states secede over slavery? Calhouns idea of the concurrent majority found full expression in his 1850 essay Disquisition on Government. In this treatise, he wrote about government as a necessary means to ensure the preservation of society, since society existed to preserve and protect our race. If government grew hostile to society, then a concurrent majority had to take action, including forming a new government. Did the Confederate Constitution stated that each state was independent but must guarantee the gradual end of slavery in Confederate territory? . See how American abolitionists, such as Harriet Tubman, Frederick Douglass, and Thomas Garrett, helped enslaved persons escape to freedom, Learn how the work of Frederick Douglass still matters today, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Southern defense of the peculiar institution, The History of Slavery in North America Quiz, Slavery and Resistance Through History Quiz, raided the federal armoury in Harpers Ferry. A common explanation is that the Civil War was fought over the moral issue of slavery. In 1833, the same year Britain outlawed slavery, the American Anti-Slavery Society was established. Tobacco A major reason for the weaker hold of slavery in the upper South was the. The Southern clergy who accommodated slavery did so for two main reasons. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The sermon, which reads in part almost like the Declaration of Independence, notes that a nation "often has a character as well defined and intense as that of the individual" (Palmer 1860, p. 6). Although most white Southerners did not own slaves, the majority supported the institution of slavery and benefited indirectly from the slave society. The American Board of Foreign Missions (specifically its Northern members) refused to send him on a new mission unless he gave up the slaves. To put teeth into the act, Congress passed a law in March 1862 prohibiting the return of slaves. Published in 1994 Chapter 11 Study Guide Flashcards | Quizlet Adger chose instead to forego his missionary work overseas and to focus closer to home, where he could be of benefit to the slaves and their owners (White 1911, pp. Abolitionist, writer, and speaker During the war, Confederate soldiers were optimistic about the prospects for the survival of the Confederacy and the institution of slavery well into 1864. The master occupies towards him the place of parent or guardian. Do American Freshmen Have To Live On Campus? Woolman, John Abolitionism, meanwhile, was in itself a heterogeneous movement. . The sermon, entitled "The South: Her Peril, and Her Duty" was delivered as part of a thanksgiving service on November 29, 1860 at the First Presbyterian Church of New Orleans, Louisiana, where Palmer was a minister. If that were impossible, it was thought, then the North and South should part ways. . John Brown: Brown was a radical abolitionist who organized various raids and uprisings, including an infamous raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Society has the right to prevent this, and can only do so by subjecting him to domestic slavery. Instead, they transformed the defeat into the action of a mysterious, yet all-wise Providence and as an opportunity to correct failings in personal piety.. More important, from the point of view of the congregants, both black and white, is the message sent from Southern pulpits that protection was the watchword. European settlers brought a system of slavery with them to the western hemisphere in the 1500s. What did Southern apologists believe about slavery quizlet? It is impossible under the deadly hatred which must spring up between the two great nations, if the present causes are permitted to operate unchecked, that we should continue under the same political system. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The typical great planter of the pre-Civil War South was. no, and many slaves were forbidden to testify in court, the area comprised of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana in which most slaves lived by 1860, no, and many states outlawed teaching them to read; at the beginning of the Civil War, 90% of slaves were illiterate, they could be hired out/rented for money; they would keep some of the money as encouragement and some used it to buy their freedom, in 1800, he led an armed uprising in Richmond, VA, but it was foiled by informers and the leaders hanged, he led a rebellion in Charleston in 1822, but informers foiled it and the leaders hanged; at a designated time, all Charleston slaves were supposed to kill their masters; it was widely publicized to show white dominance, he led an uprising in 1831 that killed 60 Virginians; he persuaded some slaves to obtain weapons and kill white people, but he was caught and tortured; it was kept secret to prevent other slaves from doing the same, but the story spread. Texans were wiped out by Mexican forces. It afforded greater long-term security In the upper tier of southern states, the principal slave-produced commodity was. 1830s. showed how a defenseless animal could overcome a stronger one through cunning and deceit, a metaphor for survival as a slave. If a former slave could not prove he or she had been legally freed, then he or she was likely to be. Planters' sons chose military or law careers rather than going into trade. Some felt that slaves would be too frightened and confused to be able to make a living for themselves. was cotton an important factor of the economy? "Remember the Alamo". Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/slavery-apologists. Southern apologists claimed the master-slave relationship was more humane than employer-worker relationships because. 6 (June 1860): 401409. Who was the most influential spokesman for the common school movement? The leaders of the movement copied some of their strategies from British activists who had turned public opinion against the slave trade and slavery. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Must I pause to show how it has fashioned our modes of life, and determined all our habits of thought and feeling, and moulded the very type of our civilization? did many southerners own large numbers of slaves? He published Sociology for the South, or the Failure of Free Society in 1854, in which he laid out what he believed to be the benefits of slavery to both the enslaved persons and society as a whole. I might well challenge a comparison between them and the more direct, simple, and patriarchal mode by which the labor of the African race is, among us, commanded by the European. I'm passionate about helping people achieve their dreams, and I believe that education is the key to unlocking everyone's potential. Figure 2. Teaching with Reveal Digitals American Prison Newspapers Collection, attitudes and actions in the antebellum period, Proslavery Christianity After the Emancipation, The River Basin Surveys Preserved American Prehistory, Unmaking a Priest: The Rite of Degradation, Celebrating Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, The Strange Career of the Lady Possum of the New World, To Get Help for Sick Kids, Mothers Wrote to Washington. I appeal to facts. they founded the American Antislavery Society, along with Wendell Phililps, he ran an abolitionist newspaper in (free) Illinois but was murdered in 1837 after a Missouri pro-slavery group broke into his house and destroyed his equipment, southern abolitionists who grew up on a plantation but thought the idea was wrong; their speeches were successful because of the experience, he was influenced by Charles Grandison Finney and appealed to rural farmers; with help from Arthur and Lewis Tappan, he went to the Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati in 1832; he was expelled for organizing a debate on slavery in 1834 but proceeded to preach antislavery with other Lane Rebels; in 1839, he compiled the propaganda pamphlet American Slavery as It Is, headmaster of the Lane Theological Seminary in the early 1830s, he published the antislavery newspaper The Liberator in Boston beginning in 1831 and proposed ideas as to how to end slavery immediately; on July 4, 1854, he burned a copy of the Constitution. Interestingly, many white preachers made it a point of preaching to slave congregations; some turned their ministries exclusively to slaves. How did the Confederates view slavery during the war? it was punishable by death, but juries usually acquitted them, the only person to be executed for smuggling slaves; he was executed in 1862. who was responsible for doing the more dangerous jobs in the south? If political power went to a majority that was hostile to slavery, the Southand the honor of White southernerswould be imperiled. Watch this video from Heimlers History channel to learn more about some of the main pro-slavery arguments, including the social hierarchy argument, the civilization argument, the economic argument, the racial argument, and the biblical argument. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Free blacks in the South faced each of the following limitations EXCEPT. If the South Had Won the Civil War, Slavery Could Have Lasted Until the 20th Century. . Biblical Reasons. It has kept pace with its brethren in other sections of the Union where slavery does not exist. It declared that any property used by the Confederate military, including slaves, could be confiscated by Union forces. In the mid-1800s, slave owners in the South believed in the chattel principle, or the belief that slaves were pieces of moving property and therefore would always belong to their owners. few did because of the competition with slave labor, a former slave/the Barber of Natchez who owned slaves and property, no, they were prohibited from working in certain occupations and testifying against whites in court; they could be sold back into slavery; some states forbid their entrance, most forbid them from voting, and some forbid them from public schools, no, Congress outlawed it in 1808, but thousands were smuggled in. The theory of polygenism codified racism, giving the notion of Black inferiority the lofty mantle of science. Reacting to abolitionist attacks that branded its peculiar institution as brutal and immoral, the South intensified its system of slave control, particularly after the Nat Turner revolt of 1831. Palmer then swings back to a more practical argument: that the Northand the world beyondneeds to maintain the status quo in the South just as much as the South needs it: "[The] world has grown more and more dependent on [slavery] for sustenance and wealth the enriching commerce has been largely established upon the products of our soil: and the blooms upon southern fields gathered by black hands, have fed the spindles and looms of Manchester and Birmingham not less than of Lawrence and Lowell" (Palmer 1860, pp. the belief that people of African descent were mentally and morally inferior, The internal slave trade in the Unites States ran from the, During the nineteenth century, the center of cotton production.
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